As a New Teacher, Do I Need to Join a Union

Teacher unions were created as a way to combine the voices of teachers so that they could better bargain with their school districts and protect their interests. Every state has at least one state-level affiliate of either the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) or the National Education Association (NEA). Many states have affiliated organizations for both unions. Together, these unions have a membership of 4.6 million active teachers and other public school employees, college faculty and staff, retirees, and students. Many new teachers wonder if they will be required to join a union when they get their first teaching job. The legal answer to this question is no.   While joining a union does provide legal protection and other benefits, the question of mandatory membership has been settled by two Supreme Court Rulings that specifically address the limits of union membership. The first decision was  Abood v. Detroit Board of Education in 1977.   This decision settled the question of whether â€Å"compelling an employee† to pay dues to finance all of the union activities, including those ideological activities unrelated to collective bargaining, violated the First Amendment. The unanimous ruling from the Burger Court determined that the union fees collected from teachers could only be used to cover costs â€Å"related to bargaining.† According to this ruling, teacher unions could collect only those fees necessary for salary negotiations, even if a teacher did not join the union. Abood v. Detroit was overturned in May 2018. The case Janus v. AFSCME settled the question of requiring union fees that could be used for salary negotiations. The 5-4 court majority from the Roberts Court overturned the precedent set by Abood v. Detroit   finding â€Å"that Abood was poorly reasoned, lacked workability.† The majority opinion that was written by Samuel Alito stated, The First Amendment is violated when money is taken from nonconsenting employees for a public-sector union; employees must choose to support the union before anything is taken from them. This Supreme Court decision impacts the union membership for both the NEA and the AFT by eliminating funds they can collect from teachers who are not members of a union. While union membership is not mandatory, a teacher who joins a union is provided legal protection and other benefits. According to the 2012 report â€Å"How Strong Are U.S. Teacher Unions?  from the Thomas Fordham Institute, â€Å"Studies have generally concluded that school districts with strong unions pay their teachers more.† Historically, teacher unions have been instrumental in raising teacher salaries. In 1857, the NEA was founded in Philadelphia by 43 educators to focus on raising teacher salaries. In 1916, the American Federation of Teachers was also formed to address teacher salaries and to stop discrimination against female teachers. The AFT negotiated against contracts requiring that teachers: â€Å"wear skirts of certain lengths, teach Sunday school, and not receive gentleman callers more than three times a week.† But both of these the unions have also influenced social issues and political policies since their inception. For example, in the early 20th century, the NEA tackled child labor laws, worked to educate emancipated slaves and argued against the forced assimilation of Native Americans. The AFT also was politically active and ran  20 Freedom Schools in the South during the 1960s and fought for civil and voting rights for all American citizens who are disenfranchised. Unions today tackle other social issues and political policies including different federally mandated education initiatives (NCLB, Race to the Top) as well as per-pupil expenditures, universal access to preschool, and the expansion of charter schools. Critics of teacher unions argue that both the NEA and the AFT have blocked attempts at education reform. The Fordham report notes criticism that â€Å"unions generally succeed at preserving teacher job security† often â€Å"at the expense of improved opportunities for kids.† In contrast, supporters of teachers unions maintain that â€Å"opposition to misguided reforms is warranted.† The same report notes that the highly unionized states perform at least as well as any others (and better than many) on The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The NAEP is the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment of what Americas students know and can do in math, science, and reading. Both teacher unions have a deep membership pool since the education profession employs more unionized staff in either the public or private sector than any other profession. Now, new teachers have the right to choose to join that membership pool or not as they decide whether union membership is right for them. They can contact the AFT or the NEA for additional information on union benefits.

Essay on North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA

NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) began on January 1, 1994, and is one of the United States’ most significant regional trade agreements. The final provisions of the NAFTA were fully implemented on January 1, 2008. With full implementation, the last remaining trade restriction on a handful of agricultural commodities such as U.S. exports to Mexico of corn, dry edible beans, nonfat dry milk and high fructose corn syrup and Mexican exports to the United States of sugar and certain horticultural products are now removed. As you can see this agreement will have the potential to remove most barriers to agricultural trade and investment among the United States,†¦show more content†¦This concept was carried over into the NAFTA. Chapter 8 of the NAFTA permits, under specified conditions, the parties to impose a temporary, emergency safeguard measure – that is, an increase in the tariff to the prevailing MFN level - in the event imports cause, or threaten to cause, serious injury to domestic producers. In 2008, a NAFTA partner could, assuming the associated conditions are satisfied, invoke a Chapter 8 safeguard provision until 1 year following full implementation of the NAFTA commitments, i.e., until January 1, 2009. Beyond January 1, 2009, the NAFTA Partner could maintain a safeguard arrangement only with the consent of the Party against whose good the action would be taken. (Teslik) The biggest myth or argument you hear with NAFTA is that hasn’t helped the United States. I wasn’t sure if this was true so I decided to do this research project after watching the Democratic debate between Hillary Clinton and Obama Barack. I saw the intensity at which they argued that topic of NAFTA more passionately than any other. I had no idea what NAFTA consisted of and I felt that I better get up to speed with what would be shaping the U.S. Presidential race in 2008. I found that Canada and Mexico are the first and second largest export markets for U.S.Show MoreRelatedThe North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)1345 Words   |  6 Pages The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), came into effect on January 1, 1994, creating the largest free trade region in the world, generating economic growth and helping to raise the standard of living for the people of all three countries participating. By strengthening the rules and procedures governing trade and investment, the NAFTA has shown to be a great base for adding to Canada’s prosperity and has set a valuable example of the benefits of trade liberalization for the rest of theRead MoreNorth American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta)2362 Words   |  10 PagesNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) I. Brief overview of NAFTA (mainly for in-class presentation) a. NAFTA Introduction b. Original Expectations II. NAFTA over the last 12 years a. Impact on the U.S. economy i. Jobs (Employment Growth) ii. Labor iii. Income iv. Imports vs. Exports (Trade Deficit) 1. Agriculture v. Economic growth b. Impact on Canadian economy c. Impact on Mexican economy d. Global Impact i. International Business ii. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) Read MoreNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)1764 Words   |  8 PagesNORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT (NAFTA) Brief Overview: NAFTA, The North American Free Trade Agreement, came into existence on January 1, 1994. NAFTA is essentially a free-trade agreement between the 3 North American nations of the Unites States, Canada, and Mexico. The major thought behind this treaty was to give the citizens and the companies of the North American nations many incentives to trade between themselves. The duties on U.S goods exported to Mexico were slashed by fifty percent,Read MoreNafta And Theu.s. North American Free Trade Agreement1063 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The formation of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) has brought many advantages among the nations of the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. Since its inception in 1994, it is difficult to see the great effect NAFTA has economically whether it is good or bad due to currency fluctuations, and economic growth (Villarreal Fergusson, 2014). This is why the paper will go into the advantages that NAFTA has brought to the countries mentioned above. The advantages that will be discussedRead MoreEssay about North American Free Trade Agreement: Nafta1764 Words   |  8 Pages North American Free Trade Agreement: NAFTA Introduction nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I believe that the North American Free Trade Agreement was an inevitable step in the evolution of the United States economic policy. The globilization of the world economy due to technological advances in computers and communications have shrunk the world to the point where no single country acting alone can effectively compete on the foreign market. Even the United States, with its vast resources, can not haveRead MoreNorth American Free Trade Agreement (Nafta)2362 Words   |  10 PagesNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) I. Brief overview of NAFTA (mainly for in-class presentation) a. NAFTA Introduction b. Original Expectations II. NAFTA over the last 12 years a. Impact on the U.S. economy i. Jobs (Employment Growth) ii. Labor iii. Income iv. Imports vs. Exports (Trade Deficit) 1. Agriculture v. Economic growth b. Impact on Canadian economy c. Impact on Mexican economy d. Global Impact i. International Business ii. FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) Read MoreNafta, The North American Free Trade Agreement1253 Words   |  6 PagesNAFTA NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement, is the largest free market agreement in the world. It includes the US, Canada, and Mexico, and was put in place on January 1, 1994 (Inc.com). The agreement was signed by US President Bill Clinton, Mexican President Carlos Salinas, and Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrà ©tien (Sergie, 2014). Its purpose was to do away with tariff barriers between the three nations on goods and services, remove international investment restrictions, and protect intellectualRead MoreNafta ( North American Free Trade Agreement1449 Words   |  6 PagesNAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) was formed in 1994 and created one of the world’s largest free trade zones which includes Mexico, United States and Canada. NAFTA is an example of a multilateral approach to free trade. The multilateral approach states that a country will bargain with its trading partners to remove trade restrictions while the other countries do the same. Another multilatera l approach is GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) which regulates international tradeRead MoreEvaluating Naft Was It Worth It?1229 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluating NAFTA: Was it worth it? In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was enacted between two industrial countries and a yet still developing nation. This was an agreement that was the first of its kind due to the relationship that the countries had and the investment opportunities that it presented. The United States, Canada, and developing Mexico decided to work towards eliminating most tariffs and non-tariff barriers between the three in order to increase the flow of trade in goodsRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement1711 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will discuss four components of the North American Free Trade Agreement: Background, events, pros and cons. Upon the research, you will discover four online articles to provide more detail and examples. This research will indicate how it was developed and the reasoning on why it would benefit the nation. Also, it will provide events that occur after the agreement was signed by congress and the recession the countries experience d uring the early 2000s. There will be a chart located

Professional Practice On Health Service †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Professional Practice On Health Service? Answer: Introduction Being a professional practitioner of healthcare service in Australia, I have to understand the implication of ethical and legal context relevant to the profession. With the reference of different case studies in the field of healthcare, I will discuss different situations related to healthcare and my subsequent ethico-legal reactions to face those situations(Ahpra, 2017). While ethics is more to feel but to be specified through black and white guidelines, legal issues are to be clearly read and understood for performing professional duties of the said segment of healthcare in Australia(Caresearch, 2017). For following the ethico-legal compliance related to healthcare, I have to consider case study referred as Assessment Task 3- scenario- 2 and discuss the same with the guideline of Driscolls Reflective Model. (Berglund, 2008, P:88-91) Ethical Practices Background Before 1970s, no concrete foundation of ethical practices in health service was found empowered by ethical theory in bio-medical application. That time merely any interference of moral principles followed by practices and virtues were found by the health service providers. The concept of ethical practices in health care was mainly found in US and Europe to ensure maximization of medical benefits with mitigation of risks related to harm and disease for the patients(Nursingmidwiferyboard, 2016). Earlier the prevailing practice was shadowed with the drawbacks of Hippocratic traditions through negligence of privacy, communal responsibility, justice, truthfulness. Beauchamp and Childress had started research on biomedical ethics with the foundation of the same through their book Principles of Biomedical Ethics in 1979 with the objective of setting the principles fit for biomedical ethics which is mainly focused on social justice. The framework of principles of bio-medical ethics as per th e book is a) Respect for Autonomy, b) NONMALEFICENCE, c) BENEFICIENCE, and d) JUSTICE (Beauchamp, 2007, P:1-6) Standard of care These areas are emphasized for practicing healthcare services with the ethical background which are to be followed by me as a health care worker. The duty of care is emphasizing on the competency of any health worker to understand and undertake the responsibility of the professional obligations to the stakeholders in the form of patents or clients. The benchmarks are fixed by the ethical guideline fixed by public to mention what type of expectation is there from the health service worker when their service is required and the basic parameter through which the performance of any professional can be regulated(McCormick, 2013). Duty of care owed The concept of duty of care owed is mainly depending upon three pillars of obligation which are known as Neighbor Principle, Foresee ability, and Proximity. As a professional health service worker, I have to honor these obligations to ensure it broadness with specific implication for professional practice. Legal Practices Implication There are different laws globally enforced in the domain of legislation to protect or safeguard the affected personality. Out of them, two different streams of civil laws are mostly connected with health professionals. They are known as Law of Torts and Law of Contracts. Being a student of health service profession, I have to know and understand the legal aspects of these two laws as connected to this profession(Alrc, 2011). Tort Laws Tort laws are connected are mainly connected to civil wrongs which are not like criminal by their nature. This law is applicable between individuals or groups of individuals. This law is mainly redressed by compensation as no such application of punishment is applicable by this law. Duty of care- This is implied for relationship between the health professional and the patient which is bonded with duty of care as recognized legally. Being a health professional, I have to adhere to the application of this law as highlighted by Lord Atkins in the featured case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson. This area is comprised of issues like Neighbor Principle, Foresee ability, Proximity. This is to be kept in mind that this duty of care is non-delegable as the same assignment requires exercise of reasonable care along with basic skill(Acu, 2015). Negligence- I have to keep in mind that negligence in my duties to the patients with any such happening which may cause damage to the plaintiffs may be taken to the court of law with subsequent compensation(Nursingmidwiferyboard, 2015). The other areas like trespassing, assault and defamation may attract legal suit and the same is to be ensured by me that no such happening should take place while I am on professional duty to attend my patent (Forrester Griffiths, 2011, P:87-92). Background The case study referred as Assessment Task 3 Scenario 2 had given description of a featured occurrence. Being assigned with the task of ensuring mouth care of the elderly patients of a nursing home, I have found that Mr. P of 85 was admitted in the nursing home with some critical health problem. I am assigned to take care of his mouth care as well. It is being observed that the dentures used for mouth care of Mr. P should not be replaced as per the advice of senior nurses, as the replacement may make situation worse for him with more discomfort. One day, when Mr. P was having his nap with comfortable situation, someone of his grandchildren had suggested to replace the denture as this change may cause betterment for him. When Mr. P was asked about this change, he had negated the same. But with the insistence of his grandchild, I have done the change and found that the change was causing serious problem for him with generation of discomfort with projection of severe pain. While consult ing the grandchildren about the reaction of Mr. P after changing the denture, she had told that it was fine and not to worry about this (Hughes, 2011, P:61-62). Analysis through application of Driscoll Reflective Model As per Driscoll Reflective Model, this case study will be described as follows: What This case study is described with the What criterion by emphasizing the suggestion from the grandchild of Mr. P to replace his denture which are deployed for his mouth care. It was observed that Mr. P was comfortably having nap and when he was asked of the denture is to be replaced as per the suggestion by his grandchild. So What: How did I respond- Although I was advised by senior nurses not to replace the same, I have replaced the denture of Mr. P. Why did I respond that way- This is due to insistence of the grandchild of Mr. P Did the information change my values or thinking and why- Yes, it had changed my values or thinking. Primarily I found that Mr. P was having comfortable nap while the suggestion from his grandchild came to me. Moreover, the senior nurses had advised me mot to change the denture of Mr. P. Implication of the information heard- The implication of the information from the grandchild had forced me to change the denture of Mr. P as I thought that being the relative, the grandchild would not suggest anything which can put him in discomfort zone. My interpretation of the information- My interpretation about the information was that it should be changed, even if it will raise the comfort level of Mr. P. Connection between the new information and past feelings- My past feeling and new information did not match as my senior nurses had suggested not to change the denture of Mr. P. I have also found that with the prevailing status of old fixed denture, Mr. P was comfortable. New information to insist the change of denture of Mr. P had adverse connection with my past feeling as the same information had not made any betterment for Mr. P so far his health and comfort level is concerned. My reaction about the information- I was surprised with this information as the senior nurses had not advised me to do so because this cannot make any betterment to mouth care of Mr. P. Ethical consideration- My ethical consideration was not to entertain the information, because this is not as per my professional knowledge (Kerridge et al., 2009, P:220-223). Now What Conclusion I have made-My conclusion about this case study is that I should not entertain any such information received from outsider and should only consult my seniors or responsible authority to make any such changes. While self asking, I found that this may mean not to entertain any such information as the flow of information comes from such person who is not any professional in this field and this step, if proved adverse, will affect my career adversely. Change of my opinion because of the new information- Yes, I have made my opinion of what to do in perspective of new information. New perspectives for my present or future course of action- I have learnt from this case study that the decision of mine should be as per my observation and knowledge and should not be changed by any new information passed on to me by any unauthorized personality. In what ways this learning experience serve me in future- This learning experience had taught me about not doing anything as per the information gathered from any unauthorized persons who have no idea about the consequences of the action thus requested. Hence, I will not entertain such request in future and will go as per the advice of my seniors and my knowledge- both practical and theoretical. Conclusion It is known by me that the professional I have chosen is the noblest profession and this professional also ensures better living of my patients. Being a responsible stakeholder of this profession I have to find the applicable ethics and legislation which are binding this profession through regulatory authority. I also have to fulfill the basic requirements of the professional demand which can make me perfect and professionally equipped to deliver my duties to my patient in effective way so that no such divulgence would take place from my part which can raise finger against me. Ethics and law are there to remind the professional of their deliverables with their level of duties and services. I, being the health service worker, have to ensure that every criterion of ethical and legal practices should be followed by me so that I can perform my professional practice effectively References: Acu, 2015. Torts. [Online] Available at: https://libguides.acu.edu.au/c.php?g=340095p=2289138 [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Ahpra, 2017. About Ahpra. [Online] Available at: https://www.ahpra.gov.au/About-AHPRA.aspx [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Alrc, 2011. Australian Privacy Law Practice - Key Recommendations for Health Information Privacy Reform. [Online] Available at: https://www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2011/australian-privacy-law-practice-key-recommendations-health-information-privacy-refor [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Beauchamp, T., 2007. TIle 'Four Principles' Approach. 2nd ed. Jhon Wiley Sons. Berglund, C., 2008. The Client and Carer Relationship. In Ethics for Health Care. 3rd ed. Oxford. pp.88-91. Caresearch, 2017. The Role of Health Professionals. [Online] Available at: https://www.caresearch.com.au/caresearch/ForPatientsandFamilies/AboutPalliativeCare/WhoProvidesPalliativeCare/TheRoleofHealthProfessionals/tabid/954/Default.aspx [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Forrester, K. Griffiths, D., 2011. Essentials of law for health professionals. 3rd ed. Mosby. Hughes, R., 2011. The Association of Civility and Ethics. Creative Nursing, 17(2), pp.61-62. Kerridge, I., Lowe, M. Stewart, C., 2009. Ethics and law for the health profession. 3rd ed. The federation press. McCormick, T., 2013. Principles of Bioethics. [Online] Available at: https://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/tools/princpl.html [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Nursingmidwiferyboard, 2015. Professional standards. [Online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Nursingmidwiferyboard, 2016. Professional standards. [Online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx [Accessed 29 August 2017].

Ricard Cory Essays - Richard Cory, Cory, Pavement,

Ricard Cory Who are the people on the pavement? We certainly know what kind of person Richard Cory was. Richard Cory was a true gentleman from head to toe, the epitome of an aristocrat. The people on the pavement were a stark contradiction to Richard Cory. They were not schooled, far from rich, and drudged tediously in search of an unfulfilled hope that life would get better. There is a fine line between being schooled and being educated. One can be educated, yet not be schooled. For the most part, being schooled usually requires a certain amount of wealth. The people on the pavement were far from wealthy, therefore not many, if any, were schooled. The people on the pavement wished they could be this work of art known as Richard Cory. The commoners were infatuated with Richard Cory. They admired everything about this modern aristocrat. Richard Cory was like a king who condescended from his dais to walk among the commoners. What these so called people on the pavement failed to realize was that Richard Cory was a great actor too. Richard Cory's life was all superficial. It was a disguise to hide the real Richard Cory, thus leading us to believe that the people on the pavement are ignorant. It is ignorance that ignites the flame of desire within that sometimes makes all of us wish that we could be a Richard Cory. What everyone, not just the people on the pav ement, fail to realize is that Richard Cory is a morose and deprived person within. These so called people on the pavement toiled rigorously from dusk till dawn. You ask why they labored so tediously? They may work so hard in order to survive. If they didn't, they would surely die due to the lack of the bare necessities. That sounds logical, they work in order to survive, but there is probably a deeper answer as well. Line one, in the fourth stanza recites, So on we worked, and waited for the light. The commoners drudged their entire lives, just so they could one day live like Richard Cory. They were in search of an empty promise. The people on the pavement dwindled their lives away looking for this false hope. They cursed their own lives, and craved Richard Cory's. The people on the pavement were too ignorant to appreciate and value what little they had, and that is probably why they are just the people on the pavement. In conclusion, we have deduced a lot about the people on the pavement. The people on the pavement are not schooled, certainly not wealthy, eminently ignorant, and are lost in their fascination with Richard Cory.